2,2-bis-(2-perfluoroalkylethylthio)-acetaldehydes and process for production thereof

ABSTRACT

Novel 2,2-bis(2-perfluoroalkylethylthio)acetaldehydes having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R F  and R&#39; F  are the same or different perfluoroalkyl groups, together with processes for producing the same and using the same to prepare surface active agents and products with hydrophobic and lipophobic properties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to fluorinated products, and moreparticularly, it relates to reacting aldehydes with fluorinated thiolsand the products so obtained.

Fluorinated thiols having the formula:

    R.sub.F --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 --SH                             (I)

wherein R_(F) is a straight or branched perfluorinated chain, C_(n)F_(2n+1), n being a number from one to 20, are known. These products areuseful in particular as intermediates in the manufacture of surfactantsor of products imparting hydrophobic and lipophobic properties to thesubstrates to which they are applied.

The reaction of thiols (I) with aldehydes or ketones has already beendescribed in various patents. Thus, European Pat. No. 85,655 describesthe preparation of aromatic thioacetals by reaction with an aromaticaldehyde or ketone according to the equation: ##STR2##

According to U.S. Pat. No. 4,239,915 and European Patent No. 73,732,other thioacetals are obtained from carboxyketones, such as4-oxopentanoic acid or from carboxyaldehydes, such as glyoxylic acid,according to the equations: ##STR3##

THE INVENTION

It has now been found that with glyoxal, CHO-CHO, only one aldehydefunction reacts and that there are obtained the2,2-bis-(2-perfluoroalkylethylthio)-acetaldehydes according to thisinvention. These correspond to the general formula: ##STR4## in whicheach of the symbols R_(F) and R'_(F), which are the same or different,are a perfluorinated chain, C_(n) F_(2n+1), as defined previously.Contrary to what might have been expected, very little or no doubledithioacetal (tetracondensation product) or double hemithioacetal isformed.

According to this invention, the compounds of formula (II) are preparedby reacting glyoxal with a fluorinated thiol of formula (I) or a mixtureof such thiols, in the presence of an acid catalyst.

The 2-perfluoroalkylethanethiols of formula (I) are known products whichcan be obtained, for example, according to the methods of U.S. Pat. No.3,544,663 by reacting thiourea with a 2-perfluoroalkylethyl iodide,(R_(F) C₂ H₄ I).

Glyoxal is an industrial product generally being in the form of a 30%strength aqueous solution, and this material can be used as such in theprocess of this invention.

Although the reaction can be carried out in the absence of a solvent, itis preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent or vehicle whichis inert to the reactants. Examples of inert solvents which can be used,without being exhaustive, are aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons such ascyclohexane, heptane, benzene, toluene and the like; halogenatedhydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbontetrachloride, 1,1,2-trifluoro-1,2,2-trichloroethane and the like;esters such as ethyl acetate and the like; ethers such as diethyl ether,tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and the like; and aliphatic acids such asacetic acid and the like. The amount of solvent can be varied withinwide limits. In general, it is from 0.25 to 2.5 liters per mole offluorinated thiol and in certain preferred embodiments, from 0.5 to 1.5liters per mole.

The reaction is desirably carried out at a temperature from ambienttemperature to 150° C.

The formation of dithioacetal requires the presence of an acid catalyst,such as, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid,para-toluenesulfonic acid, boron trifluoride, zinc chloride and thelike. The amount of catalyst can vary over wide limits. In general, theamount of catalyst used is from 0.005 to 0.5 mole per mole of thiol, andin certain preferred embodiments, it is from 0.01 to 0.1 mole.

The reaction is preferably carried out with a stoichiometric amount ofthe two reactants, that is to say, two moles of fluorinated thiol permole of glyoxal. It is also possible to use excess or insufficient thiolwith respect to the glyoxal.

The reaction time depends on the nature of the perfluoroalkyl group, thereaction temperature, and the nature and amount of solvent and catalyst.It can be varied from a few tens of minutes to several days. When thereaction is complete, the product can be isolated according to the usualmethods, such as filtration of the reaction medium or evaporation of thesolvents, and the like. If required, the reaction product can bepurified by distillation, recrystallization, washing, and the like.

In the process according to the invention, it is possible to use eithera pure fluorinated thiol wherein the R_(F) group corresponds to a C_(n)F_(2n+1) chain in which n is a well-defined integer (R_(F) =CF₃, C₂ F₅,C₄ F₉, C₈ F₁₇, and the like) or a mixture of fluorinated thiolscorresponding to various values of n. When it is intended to use thesurfactant properties or the hydrophobic and lipophobic properties ofthese functional fluorinated derivatives to advantage, products ormixtures of products in which n is between 6 and 14 are preferred.

The new fluorinated compounds corresponding to the general formula (II)are valuable adjuvants which are used in the textile industry and in theleather and papermaking industries. They are particularly valuable inthe manufacture of products imparting both hydrophobic and lipophobicproperties to textiles, leather, paper or other substrates. These samefluorinated compounds can also be used in the preparation of fluorinatedsurfactants which have numerous uses as wetting or foaming agents;emulsifiers or dispersants; spreading agents for waxes, varnishes andpaint; additives for lubricants and plastics; components or additives insynthetic or protein-type emulsifiers used in fire-fighting; and in themanufacture of emulsions of fluorocarbons in water.

All parts, percentages, proportions, and ratios herein are by weightunless otherwise stated.

The following Examples are given to illustrate embodiments of theinvention as it is presently preferred to practice it. It will beunderstood that these Examples are illustrative, and the invention isnot to be considered as restricted thereto except as indicated in theappended claims.

EXAMPLE I

A mixture of 28 g of C₄ F₉ C₂ H₄ SH (0.1 mole), 9.7 g of a 30% strengthaqueous solution of glyoxal (0.05 mole), 0.5 g of para-toluenesulfonicacid, and 125 ml of benzene is heated under reflux at 80° C., withcontinuous stirring, for 48 hours. At the end of the heating period, thereaction mixture is cooled to ambient temperature, 300 ml of water areadded thereto, and the mixture is thrice extracted with 50 ml of diethylether. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate, the solvents arethen evaporated off, and the residue is purified by distillation underreduced pressure.

A colorless liquid distilling at 64°-66° C. under 1 mm Hg in the amountof 22.5 g is so collected. This liquid was identified by mass-, NMR- andIR-spectrometry as2,2-bis-(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorohexylthio)acetaldehyde:

    (C.sub.4 F.sub.9 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 S).sub.2 CH-CHO

The yield of the reaction is 75%.

    ______________________________________                                        Elementary analyses                                                                          C %    H %       S %  F %                                      ______________________________________                                        Calculated:    28     1.67      10.67                                                                              57                                       Found:         27.2   1.8       10.8 57.5                                     ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE II

Under the same conditions as those used in Example I, but employing 38 g(0.1 mole) of C₆ F₁₃ C₂ H₄ SH, 27.6 g of a product distilling at 89°-92°C. under 1 mm Hg is obtained and identified as2,2-bis-(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorooctylthio)acetaldehyde:

    (C.sub.6 F.sub.13 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 S).sub.2 CH-CHO

The yield of the process is 69%.

The product is solid at ambient temperature and melts at 45°-46° C.

EXAMPLE III

Using 48 g of C₈ F₁₇ C₂ H₄ SH in the process of Example I, 37 g of aproduct identified as2,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecylthio)acetaldehyde is obtained.After recrystallization in hexane, the melting point of the product is74°-75° C.

What is claimed is:
 1. 2,2-bis-(2-Perfluoroalkylethylthio)acetaldehydeshaving the formula: ##STR5## wherein R_(F) and R'_(F) are the same ordifferent and are a straight or branched perfluorinated chain, C_(n)F_(2n+1), n being from one to
 20. 2.2,2-bis-(2-Perfluoroalkylethylthio)acetaldehydes according to claim 1wherein n is from six to
 14. 3.2,2-bis-(2-Perfluoroalkylethylthio)acetaldehydes according to claim 1wherein R_(F) and R'_(F) are the same.
 4. Mixtures of2,2-bis-(2-perfluoroalkylethylthio)acetaldehydes according to claim 1.